Out-of-network dental claims can be paid based on either “Maximum Allowable Charge” (MAC) or “Reasonable and Customary” (R&C) rates. Under MAC, the insurer pays up to a scheduled amount for a specific service, regardless of the actual charge. R&C, on the other hand, pays based on the average rate for a service in a specific geographic area. Out-of-network providers may charge more than these amounts, leading to higher out-of-pocket costs for patients.